Click on the title to link to the "Follow The Drinking Gourd" Website.
February Is Black History Month
Guest Commentary
Here is a little lesson in the code used during the days of the heroic anti-slavery Underground Railroad.
What the Lyrics Mean
The following explanations are drawn principally from the H.B. Parks article, supplemented by my own research.
H.B. Parks Version
LYRICS EXPLANATION
VERSE 1 Taken together, this verse suggests escaping in the spring and heading North to freedom.
When the sun come back, Refers to the winter or spring. The days are getting longer, and the angle of the sun is higher each day at noon.
When the firs' quail call, Refers to the breeding season. Quail in Alabama start calling to each other in early to mid-April.
Then the time is come
Foller the drinkin' gou'd. The "drinkin' gou'd" alludes to the hollowed out gourd used by slaves (and other rural Americans) as a water dipper. Used here it is a code name for the Big Dipper star formation, which points to Polaris, the Pole Star, and North.
CHORUS
Foller the drinkin' gou'd,
Foller the drinkin' gou'd;
For the ole man say, "Ole man" is nautical slang for "Captain" (or "Commanding Officer.") According to Parks, the Underground Railroad operative Peg Leg Joe was formerly a sailor.
"Foller the drinkin' gou'd."
VERSE 2 Describes how to follow the route, from Mobile, Alabama north.
The riva's bank am a very good road, The first river in the song is the Tombigbee, which empties into Mobile Bay. Its headwaters extend into northeastern Mississippi.
The dead trees show the way, According to Parks, Peg Leg Joe marked trees and other landmarks "with charcoal or mud of the outline of a human left foot and a round spot in place of the right foot." (1)
Lef' foot, peg foot goin' on,
Foller the drinkin' gou'd.
CHORUS
VERSE 3 Describes the route through northeastern Mississippi and into Tennessee.
The riva ends a-tween two hills, The headwaters of the Tombigbee River end near Woodall Mountain, the high point in Mississippi and an ideal reference point for a map song. The "two hills" could mean Woodall Mountain and a neighboring lower hill.
But the mountain itself evidently has a twin cone profile and so could represent both hills at once. (More on the route to come.)
Foller the drinkin' gou'd;
'Nuther riva on the other side The river on the other side of the hills is the Tennessee, which extends outward in an arc above Woodall Mountain. The left-hand side proceeds virtually due north to the Ohio river border with Illinois – definitely the preferred route, since the right hand side meanders back into northern Alabama and then proceeds up into Tennessee.
Follers the drinkin' gou'd.
CHORUS
VERSE 4 Describes the end of the route, in Paducah, Kentucky.
Wha the little riva When the Tennessee...
Meet the grea' big un, ...meets the Ohio River. The Tennessee and Ohio rivers come together in Paducah, KY, opposite southern Illinois.
The ole man waits-- Per one of Parks's informants, the runaways would be met on the banks of the Ohio by the old sailor. Of course, the chances that Peg Leg Joe himself would be there to meet every escapee (as depicted literally in the children's books) are quite small.
Foller the drinkin' gou'd.
Thursday, February 04, 2010
*A Song In Honor Of "General" Harriet Tubman
Click on the title to link to a Wikipedia entry for the great abolitionist, Underground Railroad conductor, and friend of revolutionary abolitionist John Brown, "Harriet Tubman". All honor to her memory.
February is Black History Month
Guest Commentary/Lyrics
Harriet Tubman
A Cappella Arrangement for Women's Voices
One night I dreamed I was in slavery,
'Bout eighteen fifty was the time,
Sorrow was the only sign,
Nothing around to ease my mind.
Out of the night appeared a lady,
Leading a distant pilgrim band.
"First mate," she yelled, pointing her hand,
"Make room on board for this young woman."
Singing: Come on up, mm mm mm, I got a lifeline
Come on up to this train of mine
Come on up, mm mm mm, I got a lifeline
Come on up to this train of mine.
She said her name was Harriet Tubman
And she drove for the underground railroad.
Hundreds of miles we travelled onward,
Gathering slaves from town to town,
Seeking every lost and found,
Setting those free who once were bound.
Somehow my heart was growing weaker,
I fell by the wayside's sinking sand.
Firmly did this lady stand,
Lifted me up and took my hand.
Singing: ....
Who are those children dressed in red?
They must be the ones that Moses led.
Singing: ....
Harriet Tubman
February is Black History Month
Guest Commentary/Lyrics
Harriet Tubman
A Cappella Arrangement for Women's Voices
One night I dreamed I was in slavery,
'Bout eighteen fifty was the time,
Sorrow was the only sign,
Nothing around to ease my mind.
Out of the night appeared a lady,
Leading a distant pilgrim band.
"First mate," she yelled, pointing her hand,
"Make room on board for this young woman."
Singing: Come on up, mm mm mm, I got a lifeline
Come on up to this train of mine
Come on up, mm mm mm, I got a lifeline
Come on up to this train of mine.
She said her name was Harriet Tubman
And she drove for the underground railroad.
Hundreds of miles we travelled onward,
Gathering slaves from town to town,
Seeking every lost and found,
Setting those free who once were bound.
Somehow my heart was growing weaker,
I fell by the wayside's sinking sand.
Firmly did this lady stand,
Lifted me up and took my hand.
Singing: ....
Who are those children dressed in red?
They must be the ones that Moses led.
Singing: ....
Harriet Tubman
Wednesday, February 03, 2010
*The Latest From The "Greater Boston Stop The Wars Coalition" Website
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*The Latest From The "Students For A Democratic Society (SDS)" (2006 Model) Website
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*The Latest From The "Different Drummer" Website At Fort Drum, New York
Click on the title to link to the G.I. Website mentioned in the headline.
Markin comment:
One protest, large or small, hooted at or cheered, such as the one down at Fort Hood, Texas on January 16, 2009, is worth more than many such rallies elsewhere. Hats off to the brothers and sisters down in at Fort Hood Texas on the front lines of the anti-war struggle. The anti-war soldiers, sailors and airmen must not stand alone. Build soldiers and sailors solidarity committees now!
Markin comment:
One protest, large or small, hooted at or cheered, such as the one down at Fort Hood, Texas on January 16, 2009, is worth more than many such rallies elsewhere. Hats off to the brothers and sisters down in at Fort Hood Texas on the front lines of the anti-war struggle. The anti-war soldiers, sailors and airmen must not stand alone. Build soldiers and sailors solidarity committees now!
*The Latest From "G.I. Voice" At Fort Lewis, Washington
Click on the title to link to the G.I.-suportive Website mentioned in the headline.
Markin comment:
One protest, large or small, hooted at or cheered, such as the one down at Fort Hood, Texas on January 16, 2009, is worth more than many such rallies elsewhere. Hats off to the brothers and sisters down in at Fort Hood Texas on the front lines of the anti-war struggle. The anti-war soldiers, sailors and airmen must not stand alone. Build soldiers and sailors solidarity committees now!
Markin comment:
One protest, large or small, hooted at or cheered, such as the one down at Fort Hood, Texas on January 16, 2009, is worth more than many such rallies elsewhere. Hats off to the brothers and sisters down in at Fort Hood Texas on the front lines of the anti-war struggle. The anti-war soldiers, sailors and airmen must not stand alone. Build soldiers and sailors solidarity committees now!
*The Latest From the "Under The Hood" Anti-War G.I. Website At Fort Hood, Texas
Click on the title to link to a "Killen Daily Herald" article about a protest at Fort Hood on January 16, 2009.
Markin comment:
One protest, large or small, hooted at or cheered, at a military installation is worth many more such rallies elsewhere. Hats off to the brothers and sisters down in at Fort Hood Texas on the front lines of the anti-war struggle. The anti-war soldiers, sailors and airmen must not stand alone. Build soldiers and sailors solidarity committees now!
Markin comment:
One protest, large or small, hooted at or cheered, at a military installation is worth many more such rallies elsewhere. Hats off to the brothers and sisters down in at Fort Hood Texas on the front lines of the anti-war struggle. The anti-war soldiers, sailors and airmen must not stand alone. Build soldiers and sailors solidarity committees now!
*The Latest From The "Free The San Francisco Eight Defense Committee" Website
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*The Latest From The "Wobblies" (IWW) Website
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*From The Pen Of Max Shachtman-"Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg"
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
Markin comment:
In his prime, under the guidance of James P. Cannon in the American Communist Party, especially the in their work in the International Labor Defense, and later as a leader of what became the Trotskyist party in the United States, the Socialist Workers Party, Max Shachtman, knew how to "speak" Marxism. Later, after he turned the task of 'socialism' over to the U.S. State Department and kindred forces, he was still facile as a writer but the politics became ugly, very ugly, except perhaps to the late American Federation Of Teachers President, Albert Shanker. Here is an example of "high" Shachtman.
Markin comment:
In his prime, under the guidance of James P. Cannon in the American Communist Party, especially the in their work in the International Labor Defense, and later as a leader of what became the Trotskyist party in the United States, the Socialist Workers Party, Max Shachtman, knew how to "speak" Marxism. Later, after he turned the task of 'socialism' over to the U.S. State Department and kindred forces, he was still facile as a writer but the politics became ugly, very ugly, except perhaps to the late American Federation Of Teachers President, Albert Shanker. Here is an example of "high" Shachtman.
*The Latest From The "Hands Off Honduras" Website
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*The Latest From The "Workers World Party" Website
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*The Latest From The "ANSWER" Website- All Out On March 20th
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*The Latest From The "Julius And Ethel Rosenberg Fund For Children" Website
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
Markin comment:
Honor the memory of the heroic communists, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, by helping the children of today's fighters against American and world imperialism survive. "An injury to one is an injury to all".
Markin comment:
Honor the memory of the heroic communists, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, by helping the children of today's fighters against American and world imperialism survive. "An injury to one is an injury to all".
*The Latest From The "End U.S. Wars" Website
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*The Latest From The Boston International Socialist Organization Group
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*The Latest From The International Socialist Organization's "International Socialist Review"
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*The Latest From The "Massachusetts Citizens Against The Death Penalty" Website
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
Markin comment:
This one is easy, at least to say. Down with the barbaric death penalty. Free Mumia Abu-Jamal!
Markin comment:
This one is easy, at least to say. Down with the barbaric death penalty. Free Mumia Abu-Jamal!
The Latest From The International Bolshevik Tendency Website
Click on the title to link to the Website mentioned in the headline.
*From The National Assembly To End The Iraq And Afghanistan Wars and Occupations- A Guest Commentary
Click on the title to link to the "National Assembly To End The Iraq And Afghanistan Wars And Occupations" Website.
Markin comment:
I was in the audience for this speech. Two things to think about for right now from our communist perspective. Not one word is said about a socialist or communist solution, as opposed to the now ritualistic anti-imperialist rhetoric required at these confabs, as result of all the good activity projected here. Presumably it is enough to get to the streets and ....get some newly elected 'progressives' pressured into doing good deeds in the same old structure. We have been down that road for a thousand years, or it seems like it. Ouch!
Secondly, I love the streets as much as anybody in order to fight for our perspective but even I have to confess to a rather "conservative" bent in reaction to this grab bag of ideas about the virtues of mass actions. There is no overall perspective about fundamentally changing to a new society, and a new way of doing our governmental business. Workers councils, workers parties, workers governments sound very good right about now after all this fluff. And LESS utopian.
More later on this group.
BUILDING MASS ACTIONS
NEW ENGLAND UNITED CONFERENCE
JAN. 30, 2010 MIT
BY Marilyn Levin, Co-Coordinator, National Assembly to End the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars and Occupations
I remember a discussion of antiwar strategy where a list was made of who really had the power to end the war in Iraq as the basis of where we should focus our efforts. The list started with the soldiers - if youth didn't join the army or soldiers refused to fight, then the war would end. Second was the President and Congress - ultimately, they were the only ones who could stop funding the war and order the troops home. That was the list. When I suggested they were forgetting the most important and powerful group, the American people - working people, immigrants, people of color, students - who when mobilized in mass actions could bring the war machine to a halt and force the Congress to act - they looked at me like I was hopelessly naive and living in a fantasy world.
Well, I contend that until the American people are mobilized not just to vote for candidates every two years but to go to the streets in large numbers to act on their antiwar sentiments by demanding an end to wars and occupations and a reordering of our financial system from a war economy to a peace economy, then Congress won't be compelled to stop, as they were forced to withdraw from Vietnam.
Howard Zinn understood this and that is his legacy. He showed that throughout history, social change occurs not from the top down but from ordinary people organizing in their own interests against the powerful. He said "It is not who is sitting in the White House that is important - it is who is sitting in."
Some say that if we are not able to bring hundreds of thousands into the streets, mass actions are not viable. This is simply not true. It is still how we get from small to large. We can't wait until thousands are ready to come into the streets and then jump in and offer leadership. No, we keep protesting and connecting with those who are ready to join together in action at that time.
I have been privileged to be a part of some of the major victories of the last 50 years - the civil rights movement, the struggles for women's, gay and immigrant rights, the anti-Vietnam war movement, and I know the power of these social movements. None of these movements began with mass mobilizations. In the civil rights era, we had small demos and large ones and we kept demonstrating until we won. Small demos don't hurt the movement, they are simply ignored by the media. This does not mean it wasn't effective in terms of movement building and reaching new activists. New people, especially youth, are always heartened by action.
People who are critical of mass action are not bringing many more people into the movement or increasing pressure on the government by their methods. Electoral action may bring people to the polls but it doesn't sustain them in action organizations; just meeting with elected officials and calling their offices does not pressure them to change.
Periodic unified mass actions, along with other types of actions, are necessary for the following reasons: to forge unity, to provide continuity so that we build upon each action, to counter the propaganda machine of the mass media by keeping the issues in the public eye, to inspire and bring in new activists, to explain the connections between issues and bring social movements together for a common purpose, to expose our government's role and real designs, to pressure the government to change, and to empower the opposition.
It is our historical and moral obligation to organize masses of people to challenge US imperialism and its war machine, the greatest threat to humankind and our planet ever known. A movement has no existence unless it organizes and is visible. It is imperative that we do this because the Afghans, the Iraqis and the Pakistanis need to know they have not been abandoned and left at the mercy of the U.S. war machine and the oil corporations. Soldiers and their families will not organize against the war until they see they will be backed by a strong civilian antiwar movement. Young people will not join the military, in spite of the economy, when they see support for redirecting the war budget into jobs. We need to play a leading role in a movement of international opposition to wars and exploitation.
What are the barriers to mass action? One is lack of unity in the movement. We have an antiwar movement that started large and was allowed to dwindle in spite of growing public opposition. We got lost in the morass of the last election and have not recovered yet. We also face the danger of getting buried again in the next election. (We've got to keep those Democrats in power so they continue their bipartisan war policies and drain our economy by trillions.) These elections are now continual without the breaks where we could organize between them that we used to have. We can't afford to keep getting derailed and marginalized. Second is the lack of a mass action perspective that focuses on organizing masses of people in the streets, not on pressuring Congress. Third is maintaining an Out Now demand - Out now from Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and all the other places the US dominates by its military might. Not "Out Someday, Maybe".
I am one of the National Co-Coordinators of the National Assembly to End the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars and Occupations, a national network of organizations who formed in 2008because of the vacuum of leadership and organization in the antiwar movement. We organized around five basic principles that we hold today as the basis for where we stand:
1) Unity - all sections of the movement working together for common goals
and actions;
2) Political Independence - no affiliations or support to any political party;
3) Democracy - decision-making at conferences with one person, one vote;
4) Mass Action - as the central strategy for organizing while embracing other
forms of outreach and protest; and
5) Out Now - the central demand to withdraw all military forces,contractors,and bases from the countries where the US was waging war on the people.
We will hold our third conference this summer in Albany, NY and we are expanding co-sponsorship to have a truly unified movement conference to project future mass actions. We supported and built last March's national actions in DC, SF, and LA and we are actively building March 20. It doesn't matter who initiates the demonstrations, we need to join all of our forces to bring out the most numbers and to get the US antiwar movement back on track to finally bring an end to these ever-widening and endless wars and occupations win the fight for jobs, health care, education, reparations for Haiti, and all the rest of the social necessities we need to have healthy and productive lives.
Markin comment:
I was in the audience for this speech. Two things to think about for right now from our communist perspective. Not one word is said about a socialist or communist solution, as opposed to the now ritualistic anti-imperialist rhetoric required at these confabs, as result of all the good activity projected here. Presumably it is enough to get to the streets and ....get some newly elected 'progressives' pressured into doing good deeds in the same old structure. We have been down that road for a thousand years, or it seems like it. Ouch!
Secondly, I love the streets as much as anybody in order to fight for our perspective but even I have to confess to a rather "conservative" bent in reaction to this grab bag of ideas about the virtues of mass actions. There is no overall perspective about fundamentally changing to a new society, and a new way of doing our governmental business. Workers councils, workers parties, workers governments sound very good right about now after all this fluff. And LESS utopian.
More later on this group.
BUILDING MASS ACTIONS
NEW ENGLAND UNITED CONFERENCE
JAN. 30, 2010 MIT
BY Marilyn Levin, Co-Coordinator, National Assembly to End the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars and Occupations
I remember a discussion of antiwar strategy where a list was made of who really had the power to end the war in Iraq as the basis of where we should focus our efforts. The list started with the soldiers - if youth didn't join the army or soldiers refused to fight, then the war would end. Second was the President and Congress - ultimately, they were the only ones who could stop funding the war and order the troops home. That was the list. When I suggested they were forgetting the most important and powerful group, the American people - working people, immigrants, people of color, students - who when mobilized in mass actions could bring the war machine to a halt and force the Congress to act - they looked at me like I was hopelessly naive and living in a fantasy world.
Well, I contend that until the American people are mobilized not just to vote for candidates every two years but to go to the streets in large numbers to act on their antiwar sentiments by demanding an end to wars and occupations and a reordering of our financial system from a war economy to a peace economy, then Congress won't be compelled to stop, as they were forced to withdraw from Vietnam.
Howard Zinn understood this and that is his legacy. He showed that throughout history, social change occurs not from the top down but from ordinary people organizing in their own interests against the powerful. He said "It is not who is sitting in the White House that is important - it is who is sitting in."
Some say that if we are not able to bring hundreds of thousands into the streets, mass actions are not viable. This is simply not true. It is still how we get from small to large. We can't wait until thousands are ready to come into the streets and then jump in and offer leadership. No, we keep protesting and connecting with those who are ready to join together in action at that time.
I have been privileged to be a part of some of the major victories of the last 50 years - the civil rights movement, the struggles for women's, gay and immigrant rights, the anti-Vietnam war movement, and I know the power of these social movements. None of these movements began with mass mobilizations. In the civil rights era, we had small demos and large ones and we kept demonstrating until we won. Small demos don't hurt the movement, they are simply ignored by the media. This does not mean it wasn't effective in terms of movement building and reaching new activists. New people, especially youth, are always heartened by action.
People who are critical of mass action are not bringing many more people into the movement or increasing pressure on the government by their methods. Electoral action may bring people to the polls but it doesn't sustain them in action organizations; just meeting with elected officials and calling their offices does not pressure them to change.
Periodic unified mass actions, along with other types of actions, are necessary for the following reasons: to forge unity, to provide continuity so that we build upon each action, to counter the propaganda machine of the mass media by keeping the issues in the public eye, to inspire and bring in new activists, to explain the connections between issues and bring social movements together for a common purpose, to expose our government's role and real designs, to pressure the government to change, and to empower the opposition.
It is our historical and moral obligation to organize masses of people to challenge US imperialism and its war machine, the greatest threat to humankind and our planet ever known. A movement has no existence unless it organizes and is visible. It is imperative that we do this because the Afghans, the Iraqis and the Pakistanis need to know they have not been abandoned and left at the mercy of the U.S. war machine and the oil corporations. Soldiers and their families will not organize against the war until they see they will be backed by a strong civilian antiwar movement. Young people will not join the military, in spite of the economy, when they see support for redirecting the war budget into jobs. We need to play a leading role in a movement of international opposition to wars and exploitation.
What are the barriers to mass action? One is lack of unity in the movement. We have an antiwar movement that started large and was allowed to dwindle in spite of growing public opposition. We got lost in the morass of the last election and have not recovered yet. We also face the danger of getting buried again in the next election. (We've got to keep those Democrats in power so they continue their bipartisan war policies and drain our economy by trillions.) These elections are now continual without the breaks where we could organize between them that we used to have. We can't afford to keep getting derailed and marginalized. Second is the lack of a mass action perspective that focuses on organizing masses of people in the streets, not on pressuring Congress. Third is maintaining an Out Now demand - Out now from Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and all the other places the US dominates by its military might. Not "Out Someday, Maybe".
I am one of the National Co-Coordinators of the National Assembly to End the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars and Occupations, a national network of organizations who formed in 2008because of the vacuum of leadership and organization in the antiwar movement. We organized around five basic principles that we hold today as the basis for where we stand:
1) Unity - all sections of the movement working together for common goals
and actions;
2) Political Independence - no affiliations or support to any political party;
3) Democracy - decision-making at conferences with one person, one vote;
4) Mass Action - as the central strategy for organizing while embracing other
forms of outreach and protest; and
5) Out Now - the central demand to withdraw all military forces,contractors,and bases from the countries where the US was waging war on the people.
We will hold our third conference this summer in Albany, NY and we are expanding co-sponsorship to have a truly unified movement conference to project future mass actions. We supported and built last March's national actions in DC, SF, and LA and we are actively building March 20. It doesn't matter who initiates the demonstrations, we need to join all of our forces to bring out the most numbers and to get the US antiwar movement back on track to finally bring an end to these ever-widening and endless wars and occupations win the fight for jobs, health care, education, reparations for Haiti, and all the rest of the social necessities we need to have healthy and productive lives.
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