Monday, July 28, 2014


***The Dog Days Of July-Musings On A 50th Anniversary High School Reunion  

 
 
The Trials and Tribulations Of Sam Lowell 

From The Pen Of Frank Jackman

A while back I wrote a couple of things about my old North Adamsville classmate Sam Lowell and his short love affair with one of our classmates, Melinda Loring,  an affair that wrecked his longtime relationship with his companion, Laura, and which has of now not recovered. That relationship with Melinda flowered not in some act of youthful hubris but very recently as part of his reaching out to fellow classmates to get them to attend our 50th anniversary of graduation from high school in 1964. Here is the germane part of the motivation for his getting involved in the reunion organizing effort from one of those things I wrote about the affair as a quick background note:

“….. Sam had been thinking about his 50th class reunion at North Adamsville High School since he had received an invitation to go to his 40th reunion back in 2004. At that time Sam had dismissed the invitation with so much hubris because then he still thought that the bad luck that had followed him for much of his life had been caused by his growing up on “the wrong side of the tracks” in North Adamsville. He told me, a number of times, that he had spent half a lifetime blaming that bad luck hometown affiliation on everything from acne to wormwood.” 

 

“Subsequently through some family-related deaths that took him back to the old town Sam had reconciled himself with his roots and had exhibited the first stirrings of a feeling that he might like to see some of his old classmates. In late 2013, around Thanksgiving he, at least marginally savvy on such user-friendly sites, created a Facebook  event page in order to see if anybody else on the planet knew of plans or was interested in making plans for a 50th reunion. One day, a few days after setting up the page, he got an inquiry asking what he knew about any upcoming plans.  He answered in a short note his own limited knowledge of any such plans but that his intention in setting up the page had been to seek others to help out with organizing an event if nothing had been established as yet….. ”

The subsequent affair as we know didn’t work out and went out with a bang rather than a whimper as I have also written about previously and which I am thoroughly sick of writing about, and Sam is in describing. He mentioned to me after the last blow-out between him and Melinda that at 16 or 68 (his current age) relationships do not get any easier but let’s be done with that one. The ever intrepid Sam though has continued to work on getting out the troops for the reunion and as part of that effort has been writing what he calls “mood” pieces about the old days in North Adamsville including pre-high school days on the class website.

Those pieces had elicited a little comment and some exchanges from fellow classmates and Sam thought I could use the material provided to, get this, let the world know, that the class of 1964, the generation of ’68 had not all gone to hell in a hand basket. I, to appease him frankly, have agreed to try to make some sense out of the exchanges. Personally, although at this point he has talked me into going to the reunion unless a better offer comes along, I would have let it rest, have let the old fogies who populate the site go discuss their grandchildren or some such worthy endeavor. The “mood piece” subjects, the July doldrums’ worthy subjects, included pieces on his childhood Fourth of July neighborhood celebrations, the positive effect that going to the various branches of the Timothy Clark Public Library in North Adamsville had on saving his life (and alleviating his teenage angst and alienation), and a certain childhood local bakery, Ida’s, that still brought ancient smells back to memory.  

From Sam:

Cindy-Thanks for remembering about that store next to Harold’s- wasn’t it a club for the North Adamsville Associates or whatever they called the group that ran the July 4th “time.” Also thanks for memories of Adams Elementary School and May Day. [Planetary orb May Day not the Red Square red scare Cold War best forgotten May Day.]- We did the same thing at Adamsville South and got those crepe May baskets as a reward. Of course May Day in Adamsville has always been associated with the wild boys and girls, circa 1600s, who gathered round some rogue Puritan’s maypole, a guy who believed in free love and free drinking on that day and others as well, and got kicked out of town after a while-yeah, we know-the puritan ethic that has us still in its grip as well-we created one in sixth grade I think.

Do you have any stories about Doc Andrew’s drugstore you want to share? I have one about my first liquor purchase (illegal) if anybody is interested in hearing it. I am being nice these days and not filling up this Message Forum with my long postings which from now on will be on my profile page. Although how would we have gotten to cutting up old touches about the old days if I hadn’t written that piece on the old North Adamsville Fourth of July. By the way (okay BTW) I noticed when I went on site to the cyberspace Magnet to check what activities you did in high school that you belonged to the nurses’ career club. Did you go in the health field after graduation? You also mentioned hospital around your late husband’s illness.  

From Cindy:

Ah...Yes Doc Andrews drugstore. My cousin lived upstairs over the store. We hung around there too and played his jukebox every afternoon after school, on days when we had nickels, dimes, and quarters. My brother, Billy, when he ran out of money from bottle returns used to hit our mother’s pocketbook for loose change-without asking of course. A venial sin which I hope he confessed up at Our Lady’s Church, although knowing him probably not. He probably thought it was his just do in order to keep those jukebox platters spinning.

I also remember being on the safety patrol in front of the school [Adams Elementary] with Mrs. DeYoung the Safety Officer? We went to "dirty Doc's" for a tonic or a candy bar after school or on our way to Norfolk Downs. 

As for my after high school life, I retired early from Adamsville General Hospital. My last years were spent working in the ER in administrative work, over seeing my phone operators, co-coordinators and registration. Working directly with nurses and doctors alike. There is nothing I haven't seen, from birth to death and in between. I do miss it though. I was with AGH for 23 years. I worked the night shift the entire time. My grandmother was my inspiration as she was an LPN at Mass General and had owned a nursing home.

I remember the go-cart races down Young Street in front of Doc's and sledding in the winter because cars would use Kendall or Sagamore Streets as Young Street was too steep with ice. 

From Sam:

Cathy-short note –If you can believe this I was a safety patrol guy complete with white belt and a small badge down at Adamsville South School (where a number of other NA64ers went including my much missed and wish he could be found friend Brad Badger, the great trackman from our class.  Believe me my career (read: life story) took a very different path, a very different path indeed, from the local kid cop who lorded it over the non-safety patrol kids.

Yes, we use to build box cars down Young Street which would stop about Coe Street. More later.

How about this thought- Let’s see how brave you were- Dave Vails reminded me of this a few months ago. Down in the old Adamsville projects we would “skid-hop” mostly the Eastern Mass buses because the driver couldn’t see us. You know we would hang on the back bumper and get a free ride for a distance as long as snow was on the ground. I did the same on Main Street too. Okay, girl, (you know I mean woman, okay) how about you? BTW we did not do it on cars after one guy almost killed us when he saw what we were doing and he sped up.

Finally- Cindy- we are all adults here-and I address this to everybody who reads this as well. How about some “‘now” photos. I have placed one on my profile page and would put more if others would not stay stuck in the summer of 1963 when you went into Boston to Bachrach’s to pose. Like I said we are adults here-oh BTW let’s avoid the photo shop we know ages here-do we know ages.         

From Sam:

Cindy -Greeting from Boston on a wet July Fourth- Thanks for the added information about the old days. I was just thinking about that summer rec program where we made those gimp bracelets and stuff. I remember one time that I made one, there two kinds I think the easy weave kind and square cross-over kind if you remember. I was very shy about girls as a kid (what else is new in the world) but I did give one of my first ones to a girl that used to sit on the picnic table. She accepted it with a slight smile, or what I thought was a slight smile.  Did a guy every give you a gimp bracelet back then. I already told you, shy I might have been, but my whole purpose in making the foolish things was to give to girls at Adamsville South and later Atlantic. Like I said they all thought I was from Mars or something. Also on the rec thing I use to make copper etchings or something like that from a kit they had. Also we did archery but I don’t remember being very good at it. Okay that settles the rec program for now. If you think of anything else let me know.

Thanks for the information on your late husband and sorry for the mistake I made about him being our classmate. Now that we are all of a certain age most of us have been through some experience like you had caring for your husband. Still it requires a hats off from your fellow classmates to keep him at home as long as you could. I could never really do that although I have had my share of care-giving.          

I agree the old Atlantic neighborhood doesn’t have the feel like in the old days on the several occasions I have returned over the last few years. The field is smaller and seems unused. Harry’s and all the old name stores are gone. The Red Feather is gone, and on and on. I think that part of it is the change in the groups who live there now, the pressures of today’s life for young  families to interact, and the loss of the old time working class feeling of everybody being poor as church mice and trying to help each other more. That is just a snap sociological opinion.

That brings me to my next point –the Midway and the Bargain Center-those pre-Walmart stores were where I (alright my mother) got our clothes. You know plaid shirts when they were not in style, some god awful pants. Yeah, that was the fate of the church mice poor. So you know I was no GQ guy. Funny I think that other NA students worked at the Bargain Center as well. I know my old friend and the great runner from our class Brad Badger’s mother worked there.      

I can’t believe that we did not know each other back then (unless you were the girl I gave that foolish bracelet to) because I used to go to the Post Office all the time looking for new stamps (when stamp-collecting was a real hobby), used to love (and still do) the sound of train whistles first heard I think for the Old Colony station. That was really the way to go into Boston if you had the dough. Forget the Eastern Mass buses. I would rather walk to the nearest subway stop over in Clintondale. And of course I used to use the tunnel to cross from Hancock Street to get over to Young Street where I would go frequently when home-life got to crazy and grandma’s house was my refuge.    

Funny too about Adamsville Beach which I wrote about recently here. I think one of our classmates’ mothers gave swimming lesson. I won’t even ask you about high school Adamsville Beach, day or night unless you want the world to know about “parking” and “submarine races” but I will ask you about that Newport Drive-In since you described it, and I quote as a “ passion pit.” On second thought some classmates may have not taken their high blood pressure medication and that kind of thing is best left for another time and another way of communicating.  

Finally, for now I guess, I ask you a question that I put to Rita Brady (did you know her?)- “What I don’t see you and Cindy Moore talking about in the tonic and ice cream scramble. Was that crazed rush to grab every off-hand bottle of tonic and ice cream a guy thing. I think they had the tables separated for boys and girls (what else was new). Frankie did it in the 1950s. When we moved back to North Adamsville in 1959 I know I did. Hell it was easier for me than Frankie since my grandparents’ house on Young Street was closer than Frankie’s. I assume that when they went around collecting dough they hit Bottoms Street. I don’t remember guys playing music on the flatbed truck but they did have a bullhorn.”

What’s your take on the tonic and ice cream scramble?

Later-glad that you are going to the reunion and have taken care of business. Funny as Bob Curry said today we are having the reunion in a place that used to be a Mecca for live dangerous swimmers-Friendly regards-Sam      

From Cindy:

Yes Sam, I did collect my share of sodas and Hoodsies back in the day. [July 4th when a group of residents organized a local celebration including a ton of sodas and ice cream] And as there were 4 of us girls at the time we had a good haul. My brother was only a baby then. Yes there were two lines as well [boys and girls]. There was a vacant cobbler store I believe next to Harry’s Variety that would showcase all the prizes leading up to the Fourth as well. I will have to look in my hopeless chest to see if I still have that bracelet.

Sorry Sam, no such luck on a picture [Sam had asked if Cindy had any photos from the period, from the 1950s]. But when I think that far back it comes to mind before the tennis courts they had tents set up also. Each tent had a bunch of games. There were about 6 or 8. Also before it was "Harry’s" the store it was called Whelan’s. Operated by Betty Whelan and family as my mother worked there part time. On the opposite corner was Stendell’s, a butcher shop with meats and deli. Betty Leahy was the head waitress at the Feather [a local barroom when all the fathers and older brothers did their drinking]. I did go to the summer rec program every year. Made pot holders, worked a gimp bracelet as well as see-sawed on those green ass splintered boards. They had 2 sets of swings too. Regular and baby seat with the bars. At night we would stand up on them to see how high we could go (fearless).

In the winter months the North Adamsville Public Works Department plowed the roads and dumped the snow on the ball field. [The field used for July 4th and for summer kid recreational programs.] We used slide down the mounds. They also used to flood the park to ice skate. 

I remember the factory across from the park as it made baby pacifiers among other things. The LeBlancs lived in the corner house at Young St. The Madsens’ lived in the ranch, the Gallaghers' lived across from the park on Young. Also in front of the Daley on the corner of Kendall and Hancock used to be North Adamsville Cab.

Don't want to bore you with much more.

From Sam:

Cindy -Thanks for all the great information about the old days in Atlantic. And no, no way are you boring anybody because look at the responses that are being generated. A couple of things about those Whelans when Betty got married (I forgot her mother’s name but she went to live with them) to a guy who worked at Duggan Brothers (now long gone) and sold the store they moved over to my street, Maple Street, a few doors down from us.

By the way when the store became Harry’s and I used to hang there to play the pinball machine (illegally since I was not sixteen) I found out that it was really a cover for a bookie joint. He had his book right out there in front. I would see Adamsville cops coming in to make their bets. Even my sainted grandmother knew about that operation before I did. Such is life. 

Speaking of grandparents mine, Daniel and Anna Riley, lived at 78 Young Street.  Classmates Jim McNally lived on one side at one time and Gary Davis on the other. Stendell’s is where I would go to get their meats since my grandfather had a stroke and my grandmother was house-bound due to a crippling injury in her 50s.

Amazing too we probably sat next to each other in summer rec (I was the shy guy who maybe gave you a little glance) because I made those gimp bracelets too. Reason: to give them to girls at Atlantic (or earlier at Adamsville South)-I guess I was girl-addled even then-but they dismissed me out of hand. I guess they wanted real bracelets like I gave a girl from North Adamsville one time later.

From Sam again:

Cindy -If you get a photo I can walk you through the process. I am not an IT wizard either -our super webmaster Donna walked me through it. I know and learn enough tech stuff to survive on the "information super-highway" and worry more about writing. The whole process is infinitely easier than about twenty years ago when I would rather use a typewriter than the world processor although some days I miss that old beauty.   

I have placed another photo on my profile page from California last month to lure everybody else out.

Yes we have come a long way from the days long ago when, as the English poet William Wordsworth said in one of his poems “to be young was very heaven”, and we thought we were immortal, were going to live forever. If you still have that winsome smile that you have on your class photo that will please everybody. No wrinkles could erase that I am sure.  

My favorite at Ida’s (beside the cupcakes now making a culinary resurgence) was to go on Friday to get her oatmeal bread so I could have peanut butter and jelly sandwiches at my grandmother’s. Guess what- I still like that kind of sandwich. 

Thanks for the remembrance of the Timothy Clark Public Library branch on Sagamore from early youth before it went to Appleton Street I think, or was it Atlantic. The branch down at Adamsville South  saved my life the summer of sixth grade, saved me from the corner boy life that I was taking dead aim at until I realized that I liked reading a lot more than the life of petty crime.     

From Sam [in response to memory postings by several classmates including Cindy]: 

***The Smells, Ah, The Smells Of Childhood- Ida's Bakery Over on Sagamore Street, For Rosemary 

There are many smells, sounds, tastes on the memory trail in search of the old days in North Adamsville. Of course one cannot dismiss that invigorating smell of the salt air blowing in from Adamsville Bay when the wind was up. And that never to be forgotten slightly oily, sulfuric smell at low tide down at Adamsville Beach, the time of the clam diggers and their accomplices trying to eke a living or a feeding out of that slimy mass. Or the smell of marsh weeds from up at the disfavored Montum end of the beach. Or the sound of the ocean on those days when the usually tepid splashing against the shoreline turned around and became a real ocean and acted to calm a man’s (or kid’s) nerves in the frustrating struggle to understand a world not of one’s own making.

I know I do not have to stop very long to tell this crowd, the crowd that will read this piece, about the tastes of that HoJo’s ice cream back in the days. Or those char-broiled hot dogs and hamburgers from your backyard barbecue pit or the ones down at the beach. But the smell that I am smelling today is closer to home, as a result of a fellow classmate’s bringing this to my attention. (Although if the truth be known I was already on the verge of “exploring" the subject). Ida’ Bakery over on Sagamore Street, the next street over from my grandparents’ house on Young Street across from the Welcome Young Field.

You, if you are of a certain age and neighborhood, remember Ida’s, right? She ran a bakery out of her living room in the 1950s and early 1960s (beyond that period I do not know). Now I do not remember all the particulars about her, about her operation, about what she made but I remember the smells of fresh oatmeal bread. Or of those Lenten hot cross buns. Or of the 1001 other simple baked goods that put my mother, my grandmother, your mother, your grandmother in the shade. And that is at least half the point. You went over to Ida’s to get high on those calorie-loaded goodies. And in those days that was okay. Believe me it’s was okay. I swear I will never forget those glass-enclosed delights but I need a little help here. I do not remember much about the woman, her life, where she was from, or any of that. If you do, let me know. This I do know- in this time of frenzied interest in all things culinary Ida's simple recipes and her kid-maddening bakery smells still hold a place of honor.

And This Too From Sam:

The Timothy Clark Public Library
 

Recently Cindy Moore in response to a sketch I wrote about Ida’s Bakery over on Sagamore Street mentioned that she inevitably stopped by that shop after having been to the library located almost next door if I recall. I remember that Thomas Crane Public Library branch early on when I used to go visit my grandparents on Young Street when I was in elementary school at Adamsville South. Later, after moving back to North Adamsville in 7th grade, I used to go to the branch when it was relocated on Atlantic Street (I think). And later when we were in high school I went to the bigger branch when it was built across from Sacred Heart Church. Needless to say I made a number of visits to the architecturally magnificent main library “up the Square.”

Many fruitful hours reading and research hours were spend in all those locations but today I wish to speak of the branch which was attached to the Adamsville South School when I was growing up (now located at the corner of Palmer and Sea Streets) and which saved my life. In late fifth and almost all of sixth grade I was caught up in the corner boy life of the “projects.” (And strangely was also a “cop” on the school safety patrol-go figure the vagaries of tween-ness.) You know hanging around with guys who were into petty crime. Mostly “clipping” stuff from the stores “up the Square” and other misdemeanors. I got into some minor trouble, mostly home trouble, a fair number of times but by the summer after sixth grade I was enthralled by “the life.”

One very hot day that July I went into the library to just cool off since we did not have AC at home and I was uncomfortably hot. I picked out a book (who knows what it was, probably a biography of Abigail Adams who I was crazy about then, except it was in the children’s section since you couldn’t officially go in the adult section until seventh grade) and started reading. Read that day until the place closed. And went back there every day for the rest of the summer. See I finally figured out that I liked reading a lot more than I liked fretting over the next criminal caper. Many of my corner boys, as their later “careers” testified to, were not so lucky. So a tip of the hat to the Timothy Clark.  

Oh yeah, I know at least one fellow classmate who sought refuge from teen angst and alienation and the craziness of home life at the main library. And she turned out well. Who else has a library story or for that matter has a special place refuge ("shelter from the storm") from the trials and tribulations of youth story.

From Sam:

Once Again on the Timothy Clark Library Branch

Cindy- I am always ready to stand corrected on a factual memory matter, or on any other. There have been many classmates on this site ready, more than ready, to help me see the error of my ways. I am therefore ready to defer to your memories. Almost. The reason I think I remember that Atlantic Street branch as being later than the Sagamore location was because in junior high I had a “crush” on a girl who used to go to that branch and I would constantly be passing by to see if she was in there. Don’t tell me I did all that walking and looking for nothing. Or worse, that my memory has let me down so badly that I was in the wrong place. Maybe a third party can help us out. Help! Later Sam        

From Cindy:

Well Sam you got on my facts being ass backwards. But I have an excuse. You see at this late time in my life with children, grandchildren and even a great-grandchild along with plans to attend the reunion, I am also getting married in 3 weeks. Plus I am trying to get two of our classmates to join in our reunion. Sounds like they are both planning to attend although they are not computer set up. I am planning on driving from Fl. to Ma.

From Sam:

Cindy -Thanks for note-You really had me going on the library question. I checked with some independent third party sources who shall remain anonymous since they have not been authorized to provide that information (hey, that sounds like a governmental press agent would say doesn’t it) and they have confirmed that Sagamore was first and then Atlantic Street. So I did not walk that street and peek in that storefront library window for that girl I had a crush on in junior high in vain (although doing so was since I never got to first base but that is a separate question). 

But with all you are up to these days I can understand the memory overload. I am not sure if I will run out of cyberspace before I finish but congratulations on each of your children. Each grandchild. The (for now) great-grandchild. Special congratulations on your up-coming marriage and I wish you and him well. Congratulations on your planned trek up to Ma from Fla and good speed. Finally congratulations on trying to get some classmates to come to the reunion as well although I am continually amazed at the number of people from our class we have not been able to reach because they too are not on the “information super-highway.”      

 
As The 100th Anniversary Of The Beginning of World War I (Remember The War To End All Wars) Starts ... Some Remembrances-

 
Marking 100 Years Since The Start Of WWI
Marking the one hundredth anniversary of the start of World War One. We’ll look at lessons learned and our uneasy peace right now.
U.S. Secretary of War Newton D. Baker watches as wounded American soldiers arrive at an American hospital near the front during World War I. (AP Photo)
U.S. Secretary of War Newton D. Baker watches as wounded American soldiers arrive at an American hospital near the front during World War I. (AP Photo)
A hundred years ago today, the world took a massive turn.  The Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia, and World War I was on.  Within days, everyone was at war.  Decades of peace exploded into trenches and poison gas, tanks and bombs.  The world was literally remade.  Millions and millions dead.  Borders redrawn.  A century on we still live with the consequences – and some feel global chaos in the air again.  An old, familiar order teetering.  This hour On Point:  the onslaught of World War I, and lessons for an uneasy world right now.
– Tom Ashbrook

Guests

Margaret MacMillan, historian and professor of international history at the University of Oxford. Author of many books, including “The War That Ended Peace” and “Paris 1919,” among others.
Sean McMeekin, history professor at Koc University in Istanbul, Turkey. Author of “July 1914: Countdown to War” and “The Russian Origins of the First World War.”
Jack Beatty, On Point news analyst.

From Tom’s Reading List

The Guardian: Margaret MacMillan: ‘Just don’t ask me who started the first world war’ — “But why, when it was clear by the spring of 1915 that the war on the western front was hopelessly bogged down, didn’t they stop? ‘When that many people have died and you’ve asked your publics to make these sacrifices, how can you say: ‘Whoops, sorry, we made a bit of a mistake here.””
MarketWatch: 5 things we should have learned from World War I – “This is not some distant and dull historical anecdote. The first World War cost tens of millions of lives. It shattered the old world in Europe and paved the way for Stalin, Hitler, and, in 1939, the second World War. Historians today often call 1914-45 a single crisis spanning 31 years. When it was over, somewhere approaching 100 million people were dead. The wars united modern science and the horrors of the Middle Ages. We are still feeling the effects today.”
Boston Globe: What does World War I mean? A century of answers — “When World War I began 100 years ago, on July 28, 1914, every nation fighting thought it knew why. England, France, and Russia blamed Germany and Austria-Hungary, while the latter blamed the former. Socialists blamed imperialists, pacifists blamed warmongering leaders, and Americans blamed the Old World for succumbing to its usual barbarism.”
Please follow our community rules when engaging in comment discussion on this site.
Marking 100 Years Since The Start Of WWI
Marking the one hundredth anniversary of the start of World War One. We’ll look at lessons learned and our uneasy peace right now.
U.S. Secretary of War Newton D. Baker watches as wounded American soldiers arrive at an American hospital near the front during World War I. (AP Photo)
U.S. Secretary of War Newton D. Baker watches as wounded American soldiers arrive at an American hospital near the front during World War I. (AP Photo)
A hundred years ago today, the world took a massive turn.  The Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia, and World War I was on.  Within days, everyone was at war.  Decades of peace exploded into trenches and poison gas, tanks and bombs.  The world was literally remade.  Millions and millions dead.  Borders redrawn.  A century on we still live with the consequences – and some feel global chaos in the air again.  An old, familiar order teetering.  This hour On Point:  the onslaught of World War I, and lessons for an uneasy world right now.
– Tom Ashbrook

Guests

Margaret MacMillan, historian and professor of international history at the University of Oxford. Author of many books, including “The War That Ended Peace” and “Paris 1919,” among others.
Sean McMeekin, history professor at Koc University in Istanbul, Turkey. Author of “July 1914: Countdown to War” and “The Russian Origins of the First World War.”
Jack Beatty, On Point news analyst.

From Tom’s Reading List

The Guardian: Margaret MacMillan: ‘Just don’t ask me who started the first world war’ — “But why, when it was clear by the spring of 1915 that the war on the western front was hopelessly bogged down, didn’t they stop? ‘When that many people have died and you’ve asked your publics to make these sacrifices, how can you say: ‘Whoops, sorry, we made a bit of a mistake here.””
MarketWatch: 5 things we should have learned from World War I – “This is not some distant and dull historical anecdote. The first World War cost tens of millions of lives. It shattered the old world in Europe and paved the way for Stalin, Hitler, and, in 1939, the second World War. Historians today often call 1914-45 a single crisis spanning 31 years. When it was over, somewhere approaching 100 million people were dead. The wars united modern science and the horrors of the Middle Ages. We are still feeling the effects today.”
Boston Globe: What does World War I mean? A century of answers — “When World War I began 100 years ago, on July 28, 1914, every nation fighting thought it knew why. England, France, and Russia blamed Germany and Austria-Hungary, while the latter blamed the former. Socialists blamed imperialists, pacifists blamed warmongering leaders, and Americans blamed the Old World for succumbing to its usual barbarism.”
Please follow our community rules when engaging in comment discussion on this site.
Defend The Palestinian People! No U.S. Aid To Israel 



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We must continue to act together to stop the war crimes and crimes against humanity being perpetrated against our sisters and brothers in Gaza by the Israeli war machine. We, the people of the United States, will stand together on August 2 in front of the White House and demand an end to all U.S. aid to Israel.
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As The 100th Anniversary Of The Beginning of World War I (Remember The War To End All Wars) Starts ... Some Remembrances-The Anti-War Resistance Begins-The Zimmerwald Manifesto (1915)  



The events leading up to World War I from the massive military armament of almost all the capitalist and imperialist parties in Europe and elsewhere in order to stake their claims to their unimpeded share of the world’s resources to the supposedly eternal pledges by the Social-Democrats and other militant leftist formations representing the historic interest of the international working-class to stop those parties in their tracks at the approach of war were decisive for 20th century history. The ability to inflict industrial-sized slaughter and mayhem on a massive scale first portended toward the end of the American Civil War once the Northern industrial might tipped the scales their way almost could not be avoided in the early 20th century once the armaments race got serious, and the technology seemed to grow exponentially with each new turn in the war machine.

The land war, the war carried out by the “grunts,” by the “cannon fodder” of many nations was only the tip of the iceberg and probably except for the increased cannon-power and rapidity of the machine-guns would be carried out by the norms of the last war. However the race for naval supremacy, or the race to take a big kink out of British supremacy, went on unimpeded as Germany tried to break-out into the Atlantic world and even Japan, Jesus, Japan tried to gain a big hold in the Asia seas. The deeply disturbing submarine warfare wreaking havoc on commerce on the seas, the use of armed aircraft and other such technological innovations of war only added to the frenzy. We can hundred years ahead, look back and see where talk of “stabs in the back” by the losers and ultimately an armistice rather than decisive victory on the blood-drenched fields of Europe would lead to more blood-letting but it was not clear, or nobody was talking about it much, or, better, doing much about calling a halt before they began among all those “civilized” nations who went into the abyss in July of 1914. Sadly the list of those who would not do anything, anything concrete, besides paper manifestos issued at international conferences, included the great bulk of the official European labor movement which in theory was committed to stopping the madness.

A few voices, voices like Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg in Germany, Lenin and Trotsky in Russia, some anti-war anarchists like Monette in France and here in America Big Bill Haywood and the stalwart Eugene V. Debs, were raised and one hundred years later those voices have a place of honor in this space. Those voices, many of them in exile, or in the deportations centers, were being clamped down as well as the various imperialist governments began closing their doors to political refugees when they were committed to clapping down on their own anti-war citizens. As we have seen in our own times, most recently in America in the period before the “shock and awe” of the decimation of Iraq in 2002 and early 2003 the government, most governments, are able to build a war frenzy out of whole cloth. At those times, and in my lifetime the period after 9/11 when we tried in vain to stop the Afghan war in its tracks is illustrative, to be a vocal anti-warrior is a dicey business. A time to keep your head down a little, to speak softly and wait for the fever to subside and to be ready to begin the anti-war fight another day. So imagine in 1914 when every nationality in Europe felt its prerogatives threatened how the fevered masses would not listen to the calls against the slaughter. Yes, one hundred years later is not too long to honor those ardent anti-war voices as the mass mobilizations began in the countdown to war.                   

Over the next period as we lead up to the 100th anniversary of the start of World War I and beyond I will under this headline post various documents, manifestos and cultural expressions from that time in order to give a sense of what the lead up to that war looked like, the struggle against its outbreak before, the forlorn struggle during and the massive struggles in order to create a newer world out of the shambles of the battlefields.     

********

Teddy Martin had come from a long line of workers, some of his forbears had been among the first domestic weavers in Spitalfield, had been the first machine-tenders in Manchester and had been workers like him and his father in the London shipbuilding trade. He knew deep in his blood there was an “us” and “them” in the world without his party, the Labor Party, having to tell him word one on the subject. He had even read Karl Marx in his early teens when he was trying to figure out why his family was stuck in the faraway outer tenements with their squalor and their human closeness (he never could get over being in close quarters ever since then). So yes he was ready to listen to what some left members of the party had to say if the war clouds on the horizon turned any darker. But, and hear him true, his was like his forbears and his father before him as loyal a man as to be found in the country. Loyal to his king (queen too if it came to that) and his country. So he would have to think, think carefully, about what to do if those nasty Huns and their craven allies making loud noises of late threatened his way of life. Most of his mates to the extent that they had any opinion were beginning to be swept up in the idea that a little war might not be such a bad thing to settle some long smoldering disputes. Still he, Teddy Martin, was not a man to be rushed and so he would think, think hard, about what to do if there was a mass mobilization.

No question, thought Teddy Martin, his majesty’s government had gotten itself into a hard situation ever since that mangy Archduke somebody had got himself shot by a guy, a damn anarchist working with who knows who, maybe freemasons, over in Sarajevo, over in someplace he was not quite sure he knew where it was if somebody had asked him to point it out in a map. That seemingly silly little act (except of course to the Archduke and his wife also killed) apparently has exposed Britain, damn the whole British Empire that they claim the sun never sets on, to some pretty serious entanglements because if France were to go to war with Austria or someplace like that then the king is duty bound to come to France’s rescue. And Teddy Martin as thinking man, as a working man, as a member in good standing of the Labor Party ever since its inception was still not sure what he would do. Not sure that he would follow the war cries being shouted out by the likes of Arthur Henderson from his own party. All he knew was that the usual talk of football or the prizefights that filled the air at his pub, The Cock and Bull, was being supplanted by war talk, by talk of taking a nip out of the Germans and those who spoke in that way were gaining a hearing. All Teddy knew was that it was getting harder and harder for him to openly express thoughts that he needed to think about the issues more. That was not a good sign, not a good omen. 

Yes, once the Germans were on the march toward Belgium and then threatened Paris in a race to the sea if not stopped then the guys at the Cock and Bull became more pensive, started to see that they would have to do right by the king. One night, one July night before the blood started flowing on the continent, one of the boys, Brewster, Teddy thought had led a toast to the king and all including Teddy rather sheepishly. But now, now with the blood up, no with the Empire at stake, new with even the wogs in India clamoring to serve their king and emperor Teddy Martin could see where each must do his duty. And so Teddy found himself less and less at the pub with the boys and more and more at home with his wife and two young boys waiting  for that minute when he would find himself heading to the recruiting station to give his all for his country. Although he lifted no glass to that fact.           

                  

********

The German Social-Democratic Party had given Fritz Klein everything. Had taken him from a small furniture-making factory(less than one hundred employees constituting in those days small) where he led the fight for unionization (against all odds for that woefully unorganized industry and against the then still standing laws against unionization pressed by the state as well as well as the outlaw status of the S-D Party in those pre-legal days) and brought him along into the burgeoning party bureaucracy (boasting of this number of party publications, that number of members, and the pinnacle the votes attained for the growing number of party parliamentarians in the Reichstag). Made him a local then regional shop steward agent. Later found him a spot in the party publications department and from there to alternate member of the party’s national committee. As he grew older, got married, had two lovely children the party had severely sapped the youthful idealism out of him. Still he was stirred whenever Karl Liebknecht, old Wilhelm’s son, the father whom he knew from the old days, delivered one of his intellectual and rational attacks against the war aims of the Kaiser and his cabal. Still too though he worried, worried to perdition, that the British and, especially the French were deliberately stepping on German toes. Although tired, endlessly tired, he hoped that he would be able to stick to the Second International’s pledge made at Basle in 1912 to do everything to stop war in case it came, as was now likely. He just didn’t know how he would react, didn’t know at all. 

Fritz was furious, furious at two things. First that those damn whatever they were anarchists, nationalists, or whatever had assassinated the Archduke Ferdinand. Had threatened the peace of Europe, his peace, with their screwy theory of picking off various state officials thinking that would, unlike victory in the mass class struggles, change the world. Christ, they could have at least read Marx or somebody. Make no mistake Fritz had no truck with monarchy, certainly not the moribund Austro-Hungarian monarchy, despised the Kaiser himself right here in the German homeland (although on the quiet since the Kaiser was not above using his courts for the simple pleasure of skewering a man for lese majeste and had done so to political opponents and the idle wild-talkers alike). Still his blood boiled that some desperados would pick at a fellow Germanic target. Fritz was not at all sure that maybe the French, or the English, the bloody English were behind the activities. Hugo Heine thought so, his immediate regional director, so there could be some truth to the assertion.

Secondly, that same Hugo Heine had begun, at the behest of the national committee of the party, to clamp down on those who were trying to make the party live up to its promises and try to make a stand against any German, any Kaiser moves toward war over the incident at Sarajevo. The way Heine put it was that if war was to come and he hoped that it would not the Social-Democracy must not be thrown into the underground again like in the old days under Bismarck. Hugo had spent two years in the Kaiser’s jail back then for simply trying to organize his shop and get them to vote for the party then outlawed. The radical stuffing had come out of Hugo though and all he wanted was not to go back to jail now for any reason. Fritz cursed those damn anarchists again, cursed them more bitterly since they were surely going to disturb his peace.

Fritz Klein was beside himself when he heard the news, the Social-Democratic parliamentary caucus on August 4th had overwhelming to support the Kaiser’s war budget (and because overwhelming each member was duty-bound to vote en bloc the way the majority vote went and did so despite the pleas of Karl Liebknecht), to give him the guns, ammunition and whatever he needed to pursue the war aims that were just beginning to unfold. Fritz had not expected the party to be able to stop the war preparations, or once the war clouds got too ominous, to stop the mobilizations, but he did expect that the parliamentary delegation (which was under its own discipline and not the party’s) would not cravenly grant the Kaiser’s every war supply. All those brave peacetime proclamations about the brotherhood of man and international working-class solidarity were now so much paper in the wind. He sat for a moment in disgust and disbelief that now Europe would be in flames for who knew how long before he knew he would have to explain to the party stalwarts the whys and wherefores of the budgetary decision. And have to explain why he and his comrades would soon be loading rifles instead of bags of flour somewhere near the Atlantic Ocean. For a flash he hoped for a short war but in his gut he knew the fates were fickle and that the blood of the European working-class youth would be spilled without question and without end.       

    

********

Jacques Rous (and yes he traced his family roots back to the revolution, back to the “red” priest who he was named after who had led some of the plebeian struggles back then that were defeated by those damn moderate cutthroats Robespierre and Saint Just) had long been a leader the anarchist delegation in his Parisian district, had been in a few fights in his time with the damn city bourgeoisie, and had a long, very long memory of what the Germans had, and had not done, in Paris in ’71,in the time of the bloodedly suppressed Commune. Also Jacques had long memories of his long past forbears who had come from Alsace-Lorraine now in German hands. And it galled him, galled him that there were war clouds gathering daily over his head, over his district and over his beloved Paris.  

 But that was not what was troubling Jacques Rous in the spring of 1914. He knew, knew deep in his bones like a lot of his fellow anarchists, like a lot of the guys in the small pottery factory he had worked in for the past several years after being laid off from the big textile factory across the river that if war came they would know what to do. Quatrain from the CGT (the large trade union organization to which he and others in the factory belonged to) had clued them in, had told them enough to know some surprises were headed the government’s way if they decided to use the youth of the neighborhoods as cannon fodder. What bothered Jacques was not his conduct but that of his son, Jacques too named in honor of that same ancient red priest who was the lifeblood of the family. Young Jacques something of a dandy like many youth in those days, something of a lady’s man (he had reportedly a married mistress and somebody else on the side), had told one and all (although not his father directly) who would listen one night that he planned to enlist in the Grenadiers just as soon as it looked like trouble was coming. Old Jacques wondered if other fathers were standing in fear of such rash actions by their sons just then.  

Old Jacques could see the writing on the wall, remembered what it  was like when the German threatened to come back in ’70 and then came the last time. Came and left the Parisian poor to eat rats or worse when they besieged the city, old Thiers fled to Versailles, and Paris starved half-aided by those Germans and he expected the same if not worse this time because that country was now unified, was now filled with strange powerful Krupp cannon and in a mood to use it now that one of the members of their alliance had had one of its own killed in Sarajevo and all Europe was waiting for the other shoe to drop. He believed that the anarchists of Paris to a man would resist the call to arms issued by the government. Quatrain, the great leader ever since Commune days, almost guaranteed a general strike if they tried to mobilize the Parisian youth for the slaughter. Yeah Quatrain would stand tall. Jacques though had personal worries somebody had seen his son, also Jacques, heading with some of his “gilded” friends toward the 12th Grenadier recruiting office in the Hotel de Ville ready to fight for bloody bourgeois France, for the memory of Napoleon, for the glory of battle. And he old Jacques knowing from some skimpily- held barricades back in ’71 just how “glorious” war was fretted in the night against his blood. 

Damn, the Germans were on the march again, yesterday it was Belgium and old Jacques knew in his heart where the bloody Kaiser was heading next. Hell knew it since those bloody May weeks in ’71 when the Germans acted as “honor guard” for the damn Thiers reaction once they broke out of Versailles so he was prepared to defeat his section to the death if it came to that, came to shedding an   old man’s blood. What worried Jacques, had worried him all spring was young Jacques cavalier attitude toward the impeding slaughter, his disregard for any of the principles that the old man had tried to instill in him from his youth.  Had in May joined the 47th Grenadiers who were now stationed in a forward position in the border area between France and Belgium. Sure young Jacques looked the gallant like all the Rouses but that last look, that unknowing look that old Jacques detected in his young son before he saw him off told plenty about the fears to come. The fear that no matter how far apart they had drifted, father and son, they were kindred, they were French at this dismal hour.          

*******

George Jenkins dreamed the dream of many young men out in the heartland, out in the wheat fields of Kansas a dream that America, his America would keep the hell out of what looked like war clouds coming from Europe in the spring of 1914 (although dreams and dreamers were located not just on the farms since George was not a Kansas farm boy but a rising young clerk in Doc Dell’s Drugstore located in the college town of Lawrence). George was keenly interested in such matters and would, while on break or when things were slow, glance through the day later copy of the New York Times or Washington Post that Doc provided for his more worldly customers via the passing trains. What really kept George informed though was William White’s home-grown Emporia Gazette which kept a close eye on the situation in Europe for the folks.      

And with all of that information here is what George Jenkins, American citizen, concluded: America had its own problems best tended to by keeping out of foreign entanglements except when America’s direct interests were threatened. So George naturally cast skeptical eyes on Washington, on President Wilson, despite his protestations that European affairs were not our business. George had small town ideas about people minding their own business. See too also George had voted for Eugene V. Debs himself, the Socialist party candidate for President, and while he was somewhat skeptical about some of the Socialist Party leaders back East he truly believed that Brother Debs would help keep us out of war. 

Jesus, those damn Europeans have begun to make a mess for themselves now that some archduke, Jesus, an archduke in this day and age (and George Jenkins thanked some forgotten forebear for getting his clan out of Europe whenever he did so and avoided that nonsense about going to the aid of somebody over a damn archduke). Make no mistake George Jenkins had no sympathy for anarchists and was half-glad a couple of years ago when the Socialist Party booted the IWW, the damn Wobbies, out if that is what they did and the beggars didn’t just walk out. Although he had an admiration for Big Bill Hayward and his trade union fights that is all it was-admiration and policy could not be made on that basis. So no he had no truck with anarchists but to go to war over an archduke-damn. Still George was no Pollyanna and kept abreast of what was going on and it bothered him more than somewhat that guys like Senator Lodge from Massachusetts and others from the Northeast were beating the war drums to get the United States mired in a damn European war. No way, no way good solid Midwesterners would fall for that line. And so George watched and waited. Watched too to see what old Debs had to say about matters. George figured that if the war drums got loud enough then Brother Debs would organize and speak up to keep things right. That was his way.   

George, despite his membership in the American Socialist Party and devotion to its presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs in 1912 when he travelled all over Kansas on weekends trying to drum up votes among the small hard-pressed farmers and small town people whom he was kindred with, had somewhat neglected what was happening among his fellow European socialists in the big-tent Second International. All he knew was that at least since the turn of the century when so many countries were getting industrialized and were to prove they counted making war cloud noises that the International was committed to stopping the madness of war anyway they could. He could not say though he was shocked, naïve shocked anyway, when all of Europe mobilized for war and the German Social-Democrats had led the way and voted the Kaiser’s war budget without a murmur (as far as he knew). Hadn’t this country gone crazy with war hysteria when the Maine went down and Teddy and the boys gave old hombre Spain a bloody nose in return. And received heros’ welcomes and glad tidings when they returned. Thankfully the war clouds in America were not fierce yet, but he knew once they came, as he feared they would those small farmers and small town people would not receive him with open arms like in 1912. 

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Ivan Smirnov was no kid, had been around the block a few times in this war business. Had been in the Russian fleet that got its ass kicked by the Japanese in 1904 (he never called them “Nips” like lots of his crewmates did not after that beating they took that did not have to happen if the damn Czar’s naval officers had been anything but lackeys and anything but overconfident that they could beat the Johnny-come-lately Japanese in the naval war game). More importantly he had been in the Baltic fleet when the revolution of 1905 came thundering over their heads and each man, each sailor, each officer had to choice sides. He had gone with rebels and while he did not face the fate of his comrades on the Potemkin his naval career was over.

Just as well Ivan had thought many times since he was then able to come ashore and get work on the docks through some connections, and think. And what he was thinking in the spring of 1914 with some ominous war clouds in the air that that unfinished task from 1905 was going to come to a head. Ivan knew enough about the state of the navy, and more importantly, the army to know that without some quick decisive military action the monarchy was finished and good riddance. The hard part, the extremely hard part, was to get those future peasant conscripts who would provide cannon fodder for the Czar’s ill-thought out land adventures to listen up for a minute rather than go unknowingly head-long into the Czar’s arm (the father’s arms for many of them). So there was plenty of work to do. Ivan just that moment was glad that he was not a kid.    

As the war clouds thickened after the killing of the archduke in bloody damn Sarajevo in early summer 1914 Ivan Smirnov knew in his bones that the peasant soldier cannon fodder as always would come flocking to the Czar like lemmings to the sea the minute war was declared. Any way the deal was cut the likely line-up of the Czar with the “democracies” of the West, Britain and France and less likely the United States would immediately give the Czar cover against the villainies of the Huns, of the Germans who just the other day were propping up the Czar’s treasury. It could not end well. All Ivan hoped for was that his party, the real Social-Democrats, locally known as the Mensheviks from the great split in 1903 with the Bolsheviks and who had definitely separated from that organization for good in 1912, would not get war fever just because the damn Czar was lined up with the very democracies that the party wished to emulate in Russia.

He knew too that the talk among the leadership of the Bolsheviks (almost all of them in exile and thus far from knowing what was happening down in the base of society at home) about opposing the Czar to the bitter end, about fighting in the streets again some said to keep the young workers and the peasants drifting into the urban areas from the dead-ass farms from becoming cannon-fodder for a lost cause was crazy, was irresponsible. Fortunately some of the local Bolshevik committee men in Russia and among their Duma delegation had cooler heads. Yea this was not time to be a kid, with kid’s tunnel vision, with great events working in the world. 

Jesus, thought Ivan once the Czar declared his allegiance to the Entente, once he had gotten the Duma to rubber-stamp his war budget, he could not believe that Plekhanov, the great Plekhanov, had declared for the Czar for the duration and half of his bloody own party had capitulated (the other half, the leadership half had been in exile anyway, or out of the country for some reason) this was going to be hell. There would be no short war here, no quick victory over the land hungry Huns, nothing but the stench of death filling the air overcoming all those mobilization parades and the thrown flowers, the kissed girls, the shot of vodka to fortify for the run to the front. Most of the peasant boys marching to the front these days would never see Mother Russia again, never get to smell the good Russian earth and if he had anything to say about it their own piece of good Russian earth unlike their fathers who toiled on the land for Mister’s benefit for nothing. He thought too about the noises, and they were only noises just then, exile noises that the Bolsheviks had a point in opposing the war budget in the Duma, those who had not deserted the party for the Czar in the patriotic build-up, now being sent to Siberia for their opposition. They were still the wild boys and he argued with their committeemen to keep their anti-war positions quiet for now while the hysteria was still building but he was getting to see where maybe they were right-this war would be the mother of invention for the next revolutionary phase.           
********

International Socialist Conference at Zimmerwald

Manifesto


Source: The Bolsheviks and War, by Sam Marcy ;
Transcribed: by Andy Blunden.

Proletarians of Europe!

The war has lasted more than a year. Millions of corpses cover the battlefields. Millions of human beings have been crippled for the rest of their lives. Europe is like a gigantic human slaughterhouse. All civilization, created by the labor of many generations, is doomed to destruction. The most savage barbarism is today celebrating its triumph over all that hitherto constituted the pride of humanity.
Irrespective of the truth as to the direct responsibility for the outbreak of the war, one thing is certain. The war which has produced this chaos is the outcome of imperialism, of the attempt on the part of the capitalist classes of each nation, to foster their greed for profit by the exploitation of human labor and of the natural treasures of the entire globe.

Economically backward or politically weak nations are thereby subjugated by the Great Powers who, in this war, are seeking to remake the world map with blood and iron in accord with their exploiting interests. Thus entire nations and countries, like Belgium, Poland, the Balkan states, and Armenia are threatened with the fate of being torn asunder, annexed as a whole or in part as booty in the game of compensations.

In the course of the war, its driving forces are revealed in all their vileness. Shred after shred falls the veil with which the meaning of this world catastrophe was hidden from the consciousness of the peoples. The capitalists of all countries who are coining the red gold of war-profits out of the blood shed by the people, assert that the war is for defense of the fatherland, for democracy, and the liberation of oppressed nations! They lie. In actual reality, they are burying the freedom of their own people together with the independence of the other nations in the places of devastation.

New fetters, new chains, new burdens are arising, and it is the proletariat of all countries, of the victorious as well as of the conquered countries, that will have to bear them. Improvement in welfare was proclaimed at the outbreak of the war – want and privation, unemployment and high prices, undernourishment and epidemics are the actual results. The burdens of war will consume the best energies of the peoples for decades, endanger the achievements of social reform, and hinder every step forward. Cultural devastation, economic decline, political reaction these are the blessings of this horrible conflict of nations. Thus the war reveals the naked figure of modern capitalism which has become irreconcilable, not only with the interests of the laboring masses, not only with the requirements of historical development, but also with the elementary conditions of human intercourse.

The ruling powers of capitalist society who held the fate of the nations in their hands, the monarchic as well as the republican governments, the secret diplomacy, the mighty business organizations, the bourgeois parties, the capitalist press, the Church – all these bear the full weight of responsibility for this war which arose out of the social order fostering them and protected by them, and which is being waged for their interests.
Workers!

Exploited, disfranchised, scorned, they called you brothers and comrades at the outbreak of the war when you were to be led to the slaughter, to death. And now that militarism has crippled you, mutilated you, degraded and annihilated you, the rulers demand that you surrender your interests, your aims, your ideals – in a word, servile subordination to civil peace. They rob you of the possibility of expressing your views, your feelings, your pains; they prohibit you from raising your demands and defending them. The press gagged, political rights and liberties trod upon – this is the way the military dictatorship rules today with an iron hand.

This situation which threatens the entire future of Europe and of humanity cannot and must not be confronted by us any longer without action. The Socialist proletariat has waged a struggle against militarism for decades. With growing concern, its representatives at their national and international congresses occupied themselves with the ever more menacing danger of war growing out of imperialism. At Stuttgart, at Copenhagen, at Basel, the international Socialist congresses have indicated the course which the proletariat must follow.

Since the beginning of the war, Socialist parties and labor organizations of various countries that helped to determine this course have disregarded the obligations following from this. Their representatives have called upon the working class to give up the class struggle, the only possible and effective method of proletarian emancipation. They have granted credits to the ruling classes for waging the war; they have placed themselves at the disposal of the governments for the most diverse services; through their press and their messengers, they have tried to win the neutrals for the government policies of their countries; they have delivered up to their governments Socialist Ministers as hostages for the preservation of civil peace, and thereby they have assumed the responsibility before the working class, before its present and its future, for this war, for its aims and its methods. And just as the individual parties, so the highest of the appointed representative bodies of the Socialists of all countries, the International Socialist Bureau, has failed them.

These facts are equally responsible for the fact that the international working class which did not succumb to the national panic of the first war period, or which freed itself from it, has still, in the second year of the slaughter of peoples, found no ways and means of taking up an energetic struggle for peace simultaneously in all countries.

In this unbearable situation, we, the representatives of the Socialist parties, trade unions and their minorities, we Germans, French, Italians, Russians, Poles, Letts, Rumanians, Bulgarians, Swedes, Norwegians, Dutch, and Swiss, we who stand, not on the ground of national solidarity with the exploiting class, but on the ground of the international solidarity of the proletariat and of the class struggle, have assembled to retie the torn threads of international relations and to call upon the working class to recover itself and to fight for peace.

This struggle is the struggle for freedom, for the reconciliation of peoples, for Socialism. It is necessary to take up this struggle for peace, for a peace without annexations or war indemnities. Such a peace, however, is only possible if every thought of violating the rights and liberties of nations is condemned. Neither the occupation of entire countries nor of separate parts of countries must lead to their violent annexation. No annexation, whether open or concealed, and no forcible economic attachment made still more unbearable by political disfranchisement. The right of self-determination of nations must be the indestructible principle in the system of national relationships of peoples.

Proletarians!

Since the outbreak of the war, you have placed your energy, your courage, your endurance at the service of the ruling classes. Now you must stand up for your own cause, for the sacred aims of Socialism, for the emancipation of the oppressed nations as well as of the enslaved classes, by means of the irreconcilable proletarian class struggle.

It is the task and the duty of the Socialists of the belligerent countries to take up this struggle with full force; it is the task and the duty of the Socialists of the neutral states to support their brothers in this struggle against bloody barbarism with every effective means. Never in world history was there a more urgent, a more sublime task, the fulfillment of which should be our common labor. No sacrifice is too great, no burden too heavy in order to achieve this goal: peace among the peoples.
Working men and working women! Mothers and fathers! Widows and orphans! Wounded and crippled! We call to all of you who are suffering from the war and because of the war: Beyond all borders, beyond the reeking battlefields, beyond the devastated cities and villages –

Proletarians of all countries, unite!
Zimmerwald, September 1915.
 
In the name of the International Socialist Conference:
For the German delegation: Georg Ledebour, Adolf Hoffmann.
For the French delegation: A. Bourderon, A. Merrheim.
For the Italian delegation: G.E. Modigliani, Constantino Lazzari.
For the Russian delegation: N. Lenin, Paul Axelrod, M. Bobrov.
For the Polish delegation: St. Lapinski, A. Warski, Cz. Hanecki.
For the Inter-Balkan Socialist Federation: In the name of the Rumanian delegation: C. Rakovsky; In the name of the Bulgarian delegation: Wassil Kolarov.
For the Swedish and Norwegian delegation: Z. Hoglund, Ture Nerman.
For the Dutch delegation: H. Roland-Holst.
For the Swiss delegation: Robert Grimm, Charles Naine.
International Socialist Commission at Berne,
Bulletin No. 1, p. 2,
September 21, 1915.

Sunday, July 27, 2014

Defend The Cuban Revolution 




A YouTube film clip of Pete Seeger performing Guantanamera.
In this series, presented under the headline Songs To While Away The Class Struggle By, I will post some songs that I think will help us get through the “dog days” of the struggle for our communist future. I do not vouch for the political thrust of the songs; for the most part they are done by pacifists, social democrats, hell, even just plain old ordinary democrats. And, occasionally, a communist, although hard communist musicians have historically been scarce on the ground. Thus, here we have a regular "popular front" on the music scene. While this would not be acceptable for our political prospects, it will suffice for our purposes here.


Markin comment:

As has been appropriate on this date for over one half a century- Defend The Cuban Revolution! Free The Cuban Five!

GUANTANAMERA

Original music by Jose Fernandez Diaz
Music adaptation by Pete Seeger & Julian Orbon
Lyric adaptation by Julian Orbon, based on a poem by Jose Marti

Yo soy un hombre sincero
De donde crecen las palmas
Yo soy un hombre sincero
De donde crecen las palmas
Y antes de morirme quiero
Echar mis versos del alma

Chorus:
Guantanamera
Guajira Guantanamera
Guantanamera
Guajira Guantanamera

Mi verso es de un verde claro
Y de un carmin encendido
Mi verso es de un verde claro
Y de un carmin encendido
Mi verso es un ciervo herido
Que busca en el monte amparo

Chorus

I am a truthful man from this land of palm trees
Before dying I want to share these poems of my soul
My verses are light green
But they are also flaming red

(the next verse says,)
I cultivate a rose in June and in January
For the sincere friend who gives me his hand
And for the cruel one who would tear out this
heart with which I live
I do not cultivate thistles nor nettles
I cultivate a white rose

Cultivo la rosa blanca
En junio como en enero
Qultivo la rosa blanca
En junio como en enero
Para el amigo sincero
Que me da su mano franca

Chorus

Y para el cruel que me arranca
El corazon con que vivo
Y para el cruel que me arranca
El corazon con que vivo
Cardo ni ortiga cultivo
Cultivo la rosa blanca

Chorus

Con los pobres de la tierra
Quiero yo mi suerte echar
Con los pobres de la tierra
Quiero yo mi suerte echar
El arroyo de la sierra
Me complace mas que el mar

Chorus

©1963,1965 (Renewed) Fall River Music, Inc (BMI)
All Rights Reserved.
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“Food Chains” private screening in NYC brings out a VIP crowd…


Screening recruits powerful new allies in the fight for Fair Food!
nycscreening
Katrina vanden Heuvel, editor and publisher of the Nation, addresses the crowd ahead of the private screening of the documentary “Food Chains” in Manhattan this past Tuesday.
These past few weeks, while millions of Americans have been hitting the beaches or heading to the hills to escape the mid-summer heat, the intrepid film crew from the documentary “Food Chains” has been criss-crossing the country as part of the long promotional campaign ahead of the film’s big November release.   Their tour brought them to New York City this past Tuesday for an invitation-only showing of the film at the Bryant Park Hotel screening room in midtown Manhattan attended by a VIP crowd of Oscar-nominated filmmakers, representatives of leading philanthropical foundations, and some of the city’s top labor, community, and food industry leaders.  Representatives from the CIW were also on hand to take questions from the crowd following the screening...
Head over to the CIW website to read the firsthand report from the screening from “Food Chains” director
The Spy Who Came In From The Cold- The Life And Times Of British Master Spy Kim Philby


What Made Double Agent Kim Philby A Great Spy? His Friends.

 
Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.








HEROIC RUSSIAN SPIES OR BRITISH DUPES?

BOOK REVIEW

DECEIVING THE DECEIVERS: Kim Philby, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, S.J. Hamrick, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2004.

I like a James Bond spy thriller, replete with the latest technology, as well as the next guy. Le Carre’s Cold War-inspired George Smiley series. Even better. So when I expected to get the real ‘scoop’ on the actions of the Kim Philby-led Ring of Five in England that performed heroic spy service for the Soviet Union I found instead mostly skimpy historical conjecture by Mr. Hamrick. The central premise of his book that the Ring of Five was led by the rings in their noses by Western intelligence made me long for one of Mr. le Carre’s books. Apparently the only virtue of the opening of Cold War archives has been not to bring some clarity about the period but to create a cottage industry of conjecture and coincidence that rivals the Lee Harvey Oswald industry. Interestingly, the New York Review of Books (April 26, 2007) in its review of Mr. Hamrick’s book brought in the big guns. The review by Phillip Knightley, who actually has done some heavy work sorting out the Philby case, politely, too politely, dismisses the claims as so much smoke. No disagreement there from these quarters.

Intelligence gathering, as we are painfully aware in light of the Iraq fiasco, is a very inexact science. So mistakes, honest mistakes unlike the fudged Iraq intelligence, are part of the price for increased knowledge about what your enemy is up to. This writer makes no bones about his admiration for Kim Philby and the others who came over to the side of communism, as they saw it. That they were traitors to their English upper class upbringing, to boot, only increases their appeal. One can argue all one wants to about whether the information they provided to the Soviets was good, tainted, ignored or thrown in the waste paper basket. The question for history is did they subjectively aim to aid the cause of socialism. And did they come to regret their youthful decisions. From all the evidence, especially in the case of Philby, they did not. Until someone comes up with the ‘smoking gun’ that the Ring of Five’s work was all a sham socialists should still honor their memories. And that of Richard Sorge in Japan. Also Leopold Trepper and his “Red Orchestra” in Europe during the German Occupation. And, dare I say it, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in the United States.